The Turtle trading system is a system where a group of traders follow specific rules to buy and sell commodities. The rules are based on the observations of Richard Dennis, who believed that anyone could be taught to trade successfully if they followed a set of simple rules. The Turtles …

In-sample overfitting is a serious problem when designing trading strategies. This is because a strategy that worked well in the past may not work in the future. In other words, the strategy may be too specific to the conditions that existed in the past and may not be able to …

Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency, without a central bank or single administrator, that can be sent from user to user on the peer-to-peer bitcoin network without the need for intermediaries. Transactions are verified by network nodes through cryptography and recorded in a public distributed ledger called a blockchain. Bitcoin …

Pairs trading is a market-neutral trading strategy that seeks to profit from the relative movements of two correlated assets. The key to pairs trading is finding two assets that are highly correlated. This can be done by looking at historical data or using a correlation coefficient. We can also use …

Inflation is an economic phenomenon characterized by a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy. The main determinants of inflation are: Money supply: An increase in the money supply leads to an increase in prices as more money chases the same number of …

Statistical arbitrage is a trading strategy that exploits the differences in prices between different asset classes. It has been employed, however, not only in the financial market but also in sports betting. Sports betting is a form of gambling that involves wagering on the outcome of a sporting event. Of …

A convertible bond is a bond that can be converted into a certain amount of the company’s stock at specified prices and dates. Convertible bonds are usually issued by young, growing companies that want to raise capital without giving up too much control of their company. For example, a company …

The volatility index, VIX, is a measure of the stock market’s expectation of volatility over the next 30 days. The VIX is calculated by using the prices of options on the S&P 500 Index. The VIX futures are derivative contracts that allow investors to bet on the future values of …

The last decade has seen the rise in popularity of alternative data in financial analysis. This data is generally defined as any information that is not typically used in financial analysis, such as social media data, satellite imagery, and weather data. While alternative data has been used by hedge funds …

Academic and practitioners’ literature is a source for many investment and trading ideas. However, it is often criticized for producing ideas that do not work in practice. A problem we have seen repeatedly is that the published papers, more often than not, only present in-sample results and disregard out-of-sample ones. …