Post-earnings-announcement drift (PEAD) is the tendency for a stock’s price to move in the direction of an earnings surprise for several weeks, or even months, following an earnings announcement. PEAD is a well-known phenomenon in the equity market, and trading strategies developed based on it resulted in superior returns. Reference …

A stop-loss order is an order to buy or sell a security when the price reaches a certain level. A stop-loss order is designed to limit an investor’s losses on a position in a security. There are two main types of stop-loss orders: stop market orders and stop-limit orders. A …

Historical volatility is a prevalent statistic used by options traders and financial risk managers. Historical volatility measures the past fluctuations in the price of an underlying asset. When there is a rise in historical volatility, a security’s price will also move more than normal. At this time, there is an …

The Black–Scholes-Merton (BSM) model is a renowned option pricing model used widely in financial markets. It was published by Fischer Black, Myron Scholes , and then Robert Merton in the early 1970s. Scholes and Merton later received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for their work (Black died before …

The binomial options pricing model is an option pricing approach used to price American-style options. An American option is a financial contract that can be exercised at any time up to and including on the expiration date. This contrasts with a European option, which can only be exercised on the …

Across several time frames and equity markets, momentum trading strategies that involve buying past winners and selling past losers have produced considerable gains. In recent years, asset management firms have offered investment vehicles that provide investors with easy access to momentum strategies. The number of funds and the asset under …

Black–Scholes model is a celebrated option pricing model used in financial markets. It was published by Fischer Black, Myron Scholes, and Robert Merton. Scholes and Merton received the 1997 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for their work (Black died before the prize announcement). The model is now widely used …

Options volume has been shown to be a predictor of future market returns. By tracking the level of options volume, traders can get a sense of where the market is heading and make more informed investment decisions. On a similar topic, Reference examined the Option Volume Imbalance (OVI) and …

In the investing world, there are a variety of popular trading strategies that investors use to make money. One of the most popular is trend-following. This involves trying to identify when an asset is in an uptrend or downtrend and then buying or selling accordingly. While this approach can be …

The herd effect is when people do not pay attention to what they know. Instead, they follow what other people are doing. It is found that people tend to herd based on other investors’ activity, and not only their own behavior. They also tend to follow more extreme decisions made …