The Debt to Equity (D/E) ratio is a straightforward metric that calculates the proportion of the debt of a company relative to its equity. In simple words, it is the ratio of the total liabilities of a company and its shareholders’ equity. It is one of the most favourite metrics …

Liabilities are the obligations of a business to third-parties that it must settle in the future through some form of compensation. These may include loans taken from financial institutions or credit purchases made from suppliers. Based on their life, liabilities can either be long-term, known as non-current liabilities, or short-term, …

All companies and businesses deal with liabilities in one form or another. Liabilities represent obligations that a company must settle in the future. Usually, these obligations arise as a result of the company’s past dealings. Companies must present their liabilities on the balance sheet at the end of each accounting …

An asset is a resource that is owned or controlled by a business that can result in future economic inflows for it. For example, for a company, assets may be machinery, building, property, inventory, cash, etc. Companies present these assets on the Balance Sheet. Additionally, based on how long they …

Financial statements are crucial for any business. However, two financial statements are more relevant than others. These are the Balance Sheet and the Income Statement. Out of the five financial statements, these two are always a requirement and prepared by companies. Both of these statements, however, show different aspects of …

Financial statements are written records of a company that gives information about its activities and performance. Almost all companies around the world prepare financial statements. Usually, the laws and accounting standards that a company operates in requires it to prepare financial statements. However, some companies may also voluntarily prepare financial …

Investors face several types of risk when keeping a portfolio of investments. Therefore, to manage these risks, they can use a concept known as portfolio diversification. The concept of diversification isn’t unique or modern. It has existed ever since the beginning of time. The idea behind portfolio diversification is best …

The Time Value of Money (TVM) is a concept often used in various investment appraisal tools. Time value of money represents the concept that the cash flows received from an investment aren’t the only thing that matters when making decisions about it. The timing of these cash flows also matters. …

A tool often used by investors when making decisions about bonds is convexity. Bond convexity shows the relationship between the price of a bond and its yields due to changes in interest rates. It is a tool often used along and confused with bond duration. While bond duration assumes the …

A bond is a debt instrument issued by an entity, the borrower, to an investor, the lender. The bond gives the holder a right to receive a fixed income at regular intervals of time based on a predetermined rate. Similarly, it provides the lender with the right to receive a …