Variations can exist in any process. In finance, identifying and analyzing these variations falls under management accounting. Companies may use several tools to achieve that. One of these includes the exception report. However, its application is not limited to the financial field. It can be beneficial in other areas as …

A swap is an agreement or contract between two parties that allows them to exchange cash flows from different underlying instruments. This agreement is the basis for the derivative contract between the parties involved. Based on underlying assets, the swap agreement may fall into different types. However, the tax treatment …

Investors select assets based on the returns they provide. This return may come in different forms based on the underlying investment. For example, for stocks, it may include dividends and capital gains. For debt instruments, it consists of the interest received. The combined return from underlying investments is known as …

Assets include resources that companies use to generate revenue. These assets may come in different forms. For most companies, fixed assets are essential in providing a base for operations. However, these differ from other assets as they may require continuous expenditure. Sometimes, this expenditure may fall under betterment. Betterment in …

Companies pay compensation to their employees in many forms. The primary source comes from salaries and wages that the employee earns from their work. However, companies may also provide additional benefits. One includes vacation pay which involves employees getting paid for their entitled vacation time. However, accounting for these benefits …

For companies in the manufacturing or retail industry, inventory is the primary tool to generate revenues. These companies acquire or create goods they can sell further for a profit. Usually, the process begins with obtaining the required goods that the company can put for sale. Sometimes, it may also involve …

Debt instruments may come with a fixed or variable interest rate. With the former, the lender charges a fixed interest rate on the loaned amount. However, variable interest instruments may involve complex calculations. With these instruments, the lender adds a margin to a benchmark interest rate or index to calculate …

Gross profit or GP is a simple yet important concept that is integral to understanding a company’s financial health. It measures the total revenue generated by a company minus the cost of goods sold, providing insight into how much money was made after expenses have been paid. Gross Profit (GP) …

An interest rate cap is a derivative instrument that involves an agreement between two parties. In this agreement, one party assumes the responsibility to pay the other if the interest rate on a variable loan exceeds an agreed limit. The initial contract between both parties sets the timeframe, interest rate …

Investors invest in a company or business to receive returns in exchange. For companies, these returns come from dividends paid to shareholders. However, other business entities may not use these. For example, sole proprietorships, partnerships, etc., do not pay dividends. Instead, they allow owners to withdraw their profits through a …