Cost of Goods Manufactured (COGM): Definition, Formula, Calculation, Example, Journal Entry

Understanding your company starts with an understanding of your company’s costs. To make informed decisions and to keep track of your company’s profitability, understanding the cost of goods manufactured (COGM) is essential. Mostly used by manufacturing companies, COGM includes all of the direct costs associated with making a product. These direct costs can be variable or fixed, but they all contribute to the final cost of the product.

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Definition of Cost of goods manufactured or COGM

The Cost of Goods Manufactured (COGM) is a statement that shows the total cost of producing products for a company during a specific period. COGM is the total cost of everything that goes into making a product ready for sale. This includes the cost of materials, labor, and other expenses.

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In simple words, COGM is the total cost of all the inputs that go into making a product. The inputs can be direct or indirect, but they all contribute to the final cost of the product.

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The importance of COGM

COGM is an important aspect of every manufacturing company’s financial statements and there are several reasons for this.

It allows tracking the company’s profitability: If COGM is too high, it means that the company is not making enough profit on each product sold. On the other hand, if the COGM is too low, it could mean that the pricing of the product is too low or that the company is not using its resources efficiently.
COGM can be used in decision-making: It is a good indicator of how much it costs to produce a product and this information can be used to set prices or make production decisions.
COGM can be used in inventory valuation: COGM is used in the calculation of the cost of goods sold (COGS), which is then used to value inventory. It could be important information that can help in decision-making related to inventory.
COGM can help identify inefficiencies: If the COGM is too high, it could be an indication that there are some inefficiencies in the production process. By identifying these inefficiencies, the company can take corrective action to improve its profitability.

How to calculate COGM

The formula of COGM is very simple

COGM = Beginning inventory + Additions to inventory – Ending inventory

Let’s take an example to understand this formula.

Suppose Company A has the following information for the year 2019:

Beginning inventory: $100,000

Additions to inventory: $1,000,000

Ending inventory: $200,000

The COGM for Company A would be:

COGM = $100,000 + $1,000,000 – $200,000

COGM = $900,000

As you can see from the example, the calculation of COGM is very simple. All you need is the information about the beginning inventory, additions to inventory, and ending inventory.

Conclusion

Every manufacturing business needs to understand its COGM as it is a key indicator of profitability. By understanding the cost of goods manufactured, businesses can make informed decisions about pricing, production, and inventory. Additionally, COGM can help identify inefficiencies in the production process.